ABSTRACT
Heroin has physical effects on many parts of the body, for example, respiratory and digestive system, muscles, and nervous system. Neurologic complications include brain abscess, neuropathy, transverse myelitis, and leukoencephalopathy. Magnetic resonance image is more sensitive in detecting lesions with low signal on T1W and high signal on T2W, and FLAIR images in the white matter and other areas of brain. Imaging findings are similar to other leukoencephalopathies [hereditary diseases, abnormal metabolic diseases, and intoxications]. In the course of finding ways to differentiate heroin-induced spongiform leukoencephalopathy from other leukoencephalopathies, attention has been changed to diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in recent years. Nevertheless, studies do not verify that diffusion-weighted image is a valuable tool in establishing the diagnosis
ABSTRACT
Pancreatitis is the most common and important complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP]. Several risk factors play a role in the formation and progression of pancreatitis. These risk factors may be related to the patient, procedure or operator. All of these risk factors should be considered and should be lowered as far as possible with attention to pathogenesis of the development of post-ERCP pancreatitis. The pathogenesis include sphincter spasm, infection, contrast toxicity and pancreatic secretion that induce the activation of proteolytic enzymes and inflammatory processes. Some methods and pharmacologic agents assessed for the prevention of pathway in the pathogenesis to decrease post-ERCP pancreatitis
ABSTRACT
Background: Lead is a toxic element which causes acute, subacute or chronic poisoning through environmental and occupational exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and laboratory abnormalities of chronic lead poisoning among workers of a car battery industry
Methods: Questionnaires and forms were designed and used to record demographic data, past medical histories and clinical manifestations of lead poisoning. Blood samples were taken to determine biochemical [using Auto Analyzer; Model BT3000] and hematologic [using Cell Counter Sysmex; Model KX21N] parameters. An atomic absorption spectrometer [Perkin-Elmer, Model 3030, USA] was used to determine lead concentration in blood and urine by heated graphite atomization technique
Results: A total of 112 men mean age 28.78 +/- 5.17 years, who worked in a car battery industry were recruited in the present study. The most common signs/symptoms of lead poisoning included increased excitability 41.9%, arthralgia 41.0%, fatigue 40.1%, dental grey discoloration 44.6%, lead line 24.1%, increased deep tendon reflexes [DTR] 22.3%, and decreased DTR [18.7%]. Blood lead concentration [BLC] was 398.95 micro g/ L +/- 177.40, which was significantly correlated with duration of work [P=0.044] but not with the clinical manifestations of lead poisoning. However, BLC was significantly correlated with urine lead concentration [83.67 micro g/L +/- 49.78; r[2]=0.711; P<0.001], mean corpuscular hemoglobin [r=-0.280; P=0.011], mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [r=-0.304; P=0.006] and fasting blood sugar or FBS [r=-0.258; P=0.010]
Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric and skeletal findings were common manifestations of chronic occupational lead poisoning. BLC was significantly correlated with duration of work, urine lead concentration, two hemoglobin indices and FBS
ABSTRACT
Aluminum phosphide [AlP] is a highly effective rodenticide which is used as a suicide poison. Herein, a 24-year-old man who'd intentionally ingested about 1 liter of alcohol and one tablet of AlP is reported. Acute myocardial infarction due to AlP poisoning has been occurred secondary to AIP poisoning. Cardiovascular complications are poor prognostic factors in AlP poisoning
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Phosphines/poisoning , Aluminum Compounds/poisoning , Myocardial InfarctionABSTRACT
Accentuation of bone loss is one of the most important skeletal complications after transplantation. Early diagnosis and treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis reduce risk of fractures and prevent the aggravation of it by using corticosteroid after kidney transplantation. A total of 50 patients that received graft during the research time, 31 of them completed it. They were screened for decreased bone mineral density at baseline, 6 and 12 months after transplantation with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry [DEX A] of lumbar spine and hip. A total of 31 patients [17 [55.8%] female and 14 [45.2%] male] with end stage renal disease entered the study. The mean age of patients in both genders were 39.67 +/- 14.5 years [range: 20-67years]. Replacement therapy in 24 patients [77.4%] was hemodialysis and in 7 patients [22.6%] was peritoneal dialysis. Before transplantation, the mean of T-score in femoral neck and lumbar vertebra were -0.88 +/- 1.19 and-0.37 +/- 1.12 respectively, osteopenia was found in 41.9% and 29% of each region. On 6 months after transplantation, the mean of T-score in femoral neck and lumbar vertebra -1.42 +/- 0.95 and -1.41 +/- 1.36 respectively. Incidence of osteopenia in each region was 83.9% and 64.5% in turn. We tried to examine them in the first year after transplantation, the mean of T-score in femoral neck was-1.13 +/- 1.11 and in lumbar vertebra was -1.29 +/- 1.33. After 6 months, bone mass reduction was significant [p<0.05], but there was not any significant difference between 6 and 12 months following transplantation [p>0.05]. Bone loss was highest in the first 6 months after transplantation. Then, treatment was necessary during this period of time